A Randomized Trial of Chiropractic Manipulation and Mobilization for Patients With Neck Pain: Clinical Outcomes From the UCLA Neck-Pain Study

Eric L. Hurwitz; Hal Morgenstern; Philip Harber; Gerald F. Kominski; Fei Yu; Alan H. Adams

doi:10.2105/ajph.92.10.1634

TABLE 1

Frequency Distributions and Means and Medians for Selected Sociodemographic and Baseline Health Status and Neck-Pain Variables, by Type of Manual Therapy (n = 336)

Treatment Group, No. (%)
Manipulation (n = 171) Mobilization (n = 165) Total, No. (%)
Age, y
<30 18 (10.5) 17 (10.3) 35 (10.4)
30–39 31 (18.1) 34 (20.6) 65 (19.4)
40–49 58 (33.9) 51 (30.9) 109 (32.4)
50–59 46 (26.9) 38 (23.0) 84 (25.0)
≥60 18 (10.5) 25 (15.2) 43 (12.8)
Mean (SD) 45.7 (11.8) 45.7 (12.2) 45.7 (12.0)
Median 46 46 46
Sex
Male 55 (32.2) 50 (30.3) 105 (31.3)
Female 116 (67.8) 115 (69.7) 231 (68.8)
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 102 (59.7) 106 (64.2) 208 (61.9)
Latino or Hispanic 43 (25.2) 45 (27.3) 88 (26.2)
Asian or Pacific Islander 13 (7.6) 7 (4.2) 20 (6.0)
African American or Black 6 (3.5) 3 (1.8) 9 (2.7)
Other 7 (4.1) 4 (2.4) 11 (3.3)
Education
Some high school or less 1 (0.6) 4 (2.4) 5 (1.5)
High school 33 (19.3) 43 (26.1) 76 (22.6)
Some college 76 (44.4) 62 (37.6) 138 (41.1)
College 45 (26.3) 33 (20.0) 78 (23.2)
Professional or graduate degree 16 (9.4) 23 (13.9) 39 (11.6)
Marital status
Married 118 (69.0) 102 (62.2) 220 (65.7)
Widowed 4 (2.3) 7 (4.3) 11 (3.3)
Divorced or separated 22 (12.9) 26 (15.9) 48 (14.3)
Not married, in relationship 4 (2.3) 4 (2.4) 8 (2.4)
Never married 23 (13.5) 25 (15.2) 48 (14.3)
Employment status
Employed full time 124 (72.5) 115 (69.7) 239 (71.1)
Employed part time 16 (9.4) 18 (10.9) 34 (10.1)
Employed but on leave 3 (1.8) 2 (1.2) 5 (1.5)
Unemployed 12 (7.0) 14 (8.5) 26 (7.7)
Retired 16 (9.4) 16 (9.7) 32 (9.5)
General health status
Poor 0 (0.0) 2 (1.2) 2 (0.6)
Fair 16 (9.4) 14 (8.5) 30 (8.9)
Good 69 (40.4) 73 (44.2) 142 (42.3)
Very good 68 (39.8) 60 (36.4) 128 (38.1)
Excellent 18 (10.5) 16 (9.7) 34 (10.1)
Duration of episode
<3 wk 40 (23.4) 47 (28.5) 87 (25.9)
3 wk–3 mo 37 (21.6) 31 (18.8) 68 (20.2)
3 mo–1 y 34 (19.9) 18 (10.9) 52 (15.5)
>1 y 60 (35.1) 69 (41.8) 129 (38.4)
≤5 17 (10.1) 12 (7.3) 29 (8.7)
6–10 51 (30.2) 46 (28.1) 97 (29.1)
11–15 47 (27.8) 53 (32.3) 100 (30.0)
16–20 33 (19.5) 31 (18.9) 64 (19.2)
>20 21 (12.4) 22 (13.4) 43 (12.9)
Mean (SD) 13.1 (6.2) 13.3 (6.3) 13.2 (6.2)
Median 12 12 12
Most severe neck pain (past week; 0–10 scale)
Mean (SD) 6.4 (2.1) 6.6 (2.1) 6.5 (2.1)
Median 7 7 7
Average neck pain (past week; 0–10 scale)
Mean (SD) 4.7 (1.9) 4.8 (1.9) 4.8 (1.9)
Median 5 5 5
Headache (past week)
Yes 108 (63.2) 114 (69.1) 222 (66.1)
No 63 (36.8) 51 (30.9) 114 (33.9)
Arm pain (past week)
Yes 81 (47.4) 70 (42.4) 151 (44.9)
No 90 (52.6) 95 (57.6) 185 (55.1)
Arm numbness or tingling (past week)
Yes 70 (40.9) 66 (40.0) 136 (40.5)
No 101 (59.1) 99 (60.0) 200 (59.5)

	Treatment Group, No. (%)
	Manipulation (n = 171)	Mobilization (n = 165)	Total, No. (%)
Age, y
<30	18 (10.5)	17 (10.3)	35 (10.4)
30–39	31 (18.1)	34 (20.6)	65 (19.4)
40–49	58 (33.9)	51 (30.9)	109 (32.4)
50–59	46 (26.9)	38 (23.0)	84 (25.0)
≥60	18 (10.5)	25 (15.2)	43 (12.8)
Mean (SD)	45.7 (11.8)	45.7 (12.2)	45.7 (12.0)
Median	46	46	46
Sex
Male	55 (32.2)	50 (30.3)	105 (31.3)
Female	116 (67.8)	115 (69.7)	231 (68.8)
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	102 (59.7)	106 (64.2)	208 (61.9)
Latino or Hispanic	43 (25.2)	45 (27.3)	88 (26.2)
Asian or Pacific Islander	13 (7.6)	7 (4.2)	20 (6.0)
African American or Black	6 (3.5)	3 (1.8)	9 (2.7)
Other	7 (4.1)	4 (2.4)	11 (3.3)
Education
Some high school or less	1 (0.6)	4 (2.4)	5 (1.5)
High school	33 (19.3)	43 (26.1)	76 (22.6)
Some college	76 (44.4)	62 (37.6)	138 (41.1)
College	45 (26.3)	33 (20.0)	78 (23.2)
Professional or graduate degree	16 (9.4)	23 (13.9)	39 (11.6)
Marital status
Married	118 (69.0)	102 (62.2)	220 (65.7)
Widowed	4 (2.3)	7 (4.3)	11 (3.3)
Divorced or separated	22 (12.9)	26 (15.9)	48 (14.3)
Not married, in relationship	4 (2.3)	4 (2.4)	8 (2.4)
Never married	23 (13.5)	25 (15.2)	48 (14.3)
Employment status
Employed full time	124 (72.5)	115 (69.7)	239 (71.1)
Employed part time	16 (9.4)	18 (10.9)	34 (10.1)
Employed but on leave	3 (1.8)	2 (1.2)	5 (1.5)
Unemployed	12 (7.0)	14 (8.5)	26 (7.7)
Retired	16 (9.4)	16 (9.7)	32 (9.5)
General health status
Poor	0 (0.0)	2 (1.2)	2 (0.6)
Fair	16 (9.4)	14 (8.5)	30 (8.9)
Good	69 (40.4)	73 (44.2)	142 (42.3)
Very good	68 (39.8)	60 (36.4)	128 (38.1)
Excellent	18 (10.5)	16 (9.7)	34 (10.1)
Duration of episode
<3 wk	40 (23.4)	47 (28.5)	87 (25.9)
3 wk–3 mo	37 (21.6)	31 (18.8)	68 (20.2)
3 mo–1 y	34 (19.9)	18 (10.9)	52 (15.5)
>1 y	60 (35.1)	69 (41.8)	129 (38.4)
≤5	17 (10.1)	12 (7.3)	29 (8.7)
6–10	51 (30.2)	46 (28.1)	97 (29.1)
11–15	47 (27.8)	53 (32.3)	100 (30.0)
16–20	33 (19.5)	31 (18.9)	64 (19.2)
>20	21 (12.4)	22 (13.4)	43 (12.9)
Mean (SD)	13.1 (6.2)	13.3 (6.3)	13.2 (6.2)
Median	12	12	12
Most severe neck pain (past week; 0–10 scale)
Mean (SD)	6.4 (2.1)	6.6 (2.1)	6.5 (2.1)
Median	7	7	7
Average neck pain (past week; 0–10 scale)
Mean (SD)	4.7 (1.9)	4.8 (1.9)	4.8 (1.9)
Median	5	5	5
Headache (past week)
Yes	108 (63.2)	114 (69.1)	222 (66.1)
No	63 (36.8)	51 (30.9)	114 (33.9)
Arm pain (past week)
Yes	81 (47.4)	70 (42.4)	151 (44.9)
No	90 (52.6)	95 (57.6)	185 (55.1)
Arm numbness or tingling (past week)
Yes	70 (40.9)	66 (40.0)	136 (40.5)
No	101 (59.1)	99 (60.0)	200 (59.5)