Table 2Adjusted Difference in the Rate of Visits to Medical Providers, Diagnostic Imaging, and Treatment for Spine Conditions

	Rate, No. per 1,000
	Decreased Access		Did Not Decrease Access
Healthcare Utilization Measure	Before	After	Before	After	Difference Within Differencea, No. per 1,000 (95% CI)	P Value
Visits
Chiropractic care	6,176.1	3,097.8	6,252.2	3,520.6	–309.4 (–514.5 to –104.3)	< 0.01
Primary care physicians for spine conditions	535.1	507.2	559.7	496.0	32.3 (1.4 to 63.1)	0.04
Surgeons for spine conditions	252.2	207.0	267.4	201.5	17.2 (–3.5 to 37.9)	0.10
Medical specialists for spine conditions	240.5	213.5	258.1	218.4	2.6 (–24.0 to 29.1)	0.85
Diagnostic imaging
Plain film radiographs for spine conditions	296.8	228.9	311.0	230.6	12.5 (–2.5 to 27.5)	0.10
Advanced imaging for spine conditions	171.9	157.4	175.8	155.7	5.7 (–5.9 to 17.3)	0.33
Treatment
Spine surgeries	21.4	22.1	23.4	18.6	5.5 (1.3 to 9.8)	0.01
Opioid prescriptions	766.1	1,112.3	744.0	1,085.5	–7.9 (–76.6 to 60.9)	0.82

a Adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline comorbidity, and year of move.