Table 1.

Patient Characteristics and Health Status

Cohorts	Primary				Crossover				Combined				Total N
	SMT		OAT		SMTX		OATX		SMTC		OATC
N	4,998		20,947		1,431		784		6,429		21,731		28,160
Age at cohort accrual (years)	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	-
	73.1	4.8	72.6	4.8	73.1	4.9	72.9	4.7	73.1	4.8	72.6	4.8	-
Age Category (years)	n	%	N	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	-
65–69	1,599	32.0%	7,817	37.3%	461	32.2%	254	32.4%	2,060	32.0%	8,071	37.1%	10,131
70–74	1,721	34.4%	6,787	32.4%	495	34.6%	283	36.1%	2,216	34.5%	7,070	32.5%	9,286
75–79	1,125	22.5%	4,254	20.3%	302	21.1%	172	21.9%	1,427	22.2%	4,426	20.4%	5,853
80–84	553	11.1%	2,089	10.0%	173	12.1%	75	9.6%	726	11.3%	2,164	10.0%	2,890
Sex
Male	1,440	28.8%	5,543	26.5%	355	24.8%	191	24.4%	1,795	27.9%	5,734	26.4%	7,529
Female	3,558	71.2%	15,404	73.5%	1,076	75.2%	593	75.6%	4,634	72.1%	15,997	73.6%	20,631
Race/Ethnicity
White	4,768	95.4%	17,586	84.0%	1,359	95.0%	741	94.5%	6,127	95.3%	18,327	84.3%	24,454
Other / Unknown	230	4.6%	3,361	16.1%	72	5.0%	43	5.5%	302	4.7%	3,404	15.7%	3,706
Socioeconomic Status
Low income subsidy	497	9.9%	10,291	49.1%	330	23.1%	106	13.5%	827	12.9%	10,397	47.8%	11,224
Dual eligibility	414	8.3%	8,882	42.4%	265	18.5%	89	11.4%	679	10.6%	8,971	41.3%	9,650
Charlson Comorbidity Score
0	3,195	63.9%	8,740	41.7%	723	50.5%	444	56.6%	3,918	60.9%	9,184	42.3%	13,102
1	1,146	22.9%	6,148	29.4%	408	28.5%	195	24.9%	1,554	24.2%	6,343	29.2%	7,897
2	445	8.9%	3,412	16.3%	177	12.4%	93	11.9%	622	9.7%	3,505	16.1%	4,127
3	148	3.0%	1,499	7.2%	79	5.5%	33	4.2%	227	3.5%	1,532	7.0%	1,759
4+	64	1.3%	1,148	5.5%	44	3.1%	19	2.4%	108	1.7%	1,167	5.4%	1,275
Chronic Condition
Osteoarthritis of the Hip	122	2.4%	1,309	6.3%	101	7.1%	35	4.5%	223	3.5%	1,344	6.2%	1,567
Osteoarthritis of the Knee	459	9.2%	3,427	16.4%	273	19.1%	124	15.8%	732	11.4%	3,551	16.3%	4,283
Fibromyalgia	1,402	28.1%	6,015	28.7%	602	42.1%	258	32.9%	2,004	31.2%	6,273	28.9%	8,277
Depressive Disorder	412	8.2%	6,146	29.3%	311	21.7%	122	15.6%	723	11.2%	6,268	28.8%	6,991
LBP Diagnosis Category
Non-Specific LBP	4,833	96.7%	15,646	74.7%	1,301	90.9%	730	93.1%	6,134	95.4%	16,376	75.4%	22,510
Radiculopathy	113	2.3%	3,272	15.6%	79	5.5%	35	4.5%	192	3.0%	3,307	15.2%	3,499
Herniated Disc	*	*	44	0.2%	*	*	*	*	*	*	44	0.2%	44
Spondylolisthesis	*	*	274	1.3%	*	*	*	*	11	0.2%	276	1.3%	274
Sprain/Strain	24	0.5%	125	0.6%	*	*	*	*	30	0.5%	130	0.6%	149
Spinal Stenosis	23	0.5%	1,586	7.6%	36	2.5%	12	1.5%	59	0.9%	1,598	7.4%	1,657

Notes: Cohort Definitions: SMT = subjects who initiated SMT in 2013 for long-term management of cLBP, with no concurrent OAT; OAT = subjects who initiated OAT in 2013 for long-term management of cLBP, with no concurrent SMT; SMTX = subjects with any occurrence of SMT in 2013, followed by initiation in 2013 of OAT for long-term management of cLBP; OATX = subjects with any occurrence of OAT in 2013, followed by initiation in 2013 of SMT for long-term management of cLBP; SMTC = combination of SMT and SMTX; OATC = combination of OAT and OATX; n = number of subjects; n/a = not applicable;