2

Summary of results ‐ Exercise Delivery

RCT	Trial Participants	Interventions	Results for adherence measures	Results for clinical outcomes
Friedrich 1996 (Moderate quality)	LBP & Neck Pain (n = 87 (63 Chronic))	I: Supervised physiotherapy exercise C: Exercise brochure	SD (I > C) for both adherence measures	Pain: SD (I > C)
Harkapaa 1990 (Low quality)	LBP (n = 476)	I1: In‐patient rehabilitation + refresher sessions I2: Outpatient rehabilitation + refresher sessions C: Written and oral instructions	SD (I1 > I2, I1 > C) for both adherence measures at 1.5 & 2.5 years	Pain: 3 months SD (I1 > I2, I1 > C), 1.5 yrs SD (I1 > I2), 22 months SD (I1 > C), 2.5 yrs NSD Function: 3 months SD (I1 > C, I2 > C), NSD other time points
Hurley 2007 (Moderate quality)	Knee pain (n = 418)	I1: Usual Primary Care + individual rehabilitation I2: Usual Primary Care + group rehabilitation C: Usual primary care	SD (I1 > I2)	Pain: SD (I1 > C, I2 > C). NSD (I1 v I2) Function: SD (I1 > C, I2 > C). NSD (I1 v I2) QoL: NSD
McCarthy 2004 (Moderate quality)	Knee OA (n = 214)	I1: Home exercise I2: Home exercise + class exercise	Ordinal logistic model (I2 > I1) ‐ physical activity NSD ‐ number of exercises, time spent exercising in past month & change in activity level	Pain: SD (I2 > I1) all measures Function: SD (I2 > I1) all measures QoL: NSD ‐ EQ‐5D
Schoo 2005 (Low quality)	Hip & Knee OA (n = 115)	I1: Brochure I2: Brochure + audiotape I3: Brochure + videotape	SD (I2 > I1, I3 > I1) assessment 1 and 3 ‐ correctness of exercise performance NSD ‐ frequency of exercises	No clinical outcome measures.
Taimela 2000 (Moderate quality)	LBP (n = 76)	I1: Active multimodal treatment I2: Lecture + home exercises C: Lecture + recommendation to exercise	NSD (no data given).	Pain: SD (I1 & I2 > C) Function: NSD

* Comparisons are for all time points unless otherwise stated
Abbreviations listed at end of Table 4.