3

Summary of results ‐ Exercise plus adherence component

RCT	Trial Participants	Interventions	Results for adherence measures	Results for clinical outcomes
Basler 2007 (High quality)	LBP (n = 170)	I: Physiotherapy plus counselling C: Physiotherapy plus placebo ultrasound	NSD	Function: NSD
Friedrich 1998 (Moderate quality)	LBP (n = 93)	I: Combined physiotherapy exercise and motivation programme C: Standard physiotherapy exercise programme	SD (I > C) ‐ attendance & weekly training frequency NSD ‐ length of time continued exercise programme	Pain: SD (I > C) Function: SD (I > C)
Hughes 2004 (Low quality)	Hip or Knee OA (n = 150)	I: Facility based exercise classes + adherence focused home programme C: Advice booklet	SD (I > C,2, 6 & 12 months)	Pain: SD (I > C, 6 months) Function: NSD
Luszczynska 2006 (Moderate quality)	Spondylosis (n = 66)	I: Education session on exercises and discussion with consultant C: Education session and explanatory leaflet	SD (I > C) ‐ frequency of exercise NSD ‐ higher performance of recommended exercises & performance accuracy	No clinical outcomes measured

* Comparisons are for all time points unless otherwise stated
Abbreviations listed at end of Table 4.