5

Summary of results ‐ cognitive or behavioural interventions

RCT	Trial Participants	Interventions	Results for adherence measures	Results for clinical outcomes
Asenlof 2005 (Moderate quality)	CMP (n = 122)	I: Individually tailored behavioural medicine treatment C: Physiotherapy exercise	NSD	Pain: SD (I > C) Function: SD (I > C)
Bernaards 2007 (Moderate quality)	RSI (n = 466)	I1: Work style (WS) group I2: Work Style & Physical Activity group C: Usual care	NSD	Pain: NSD ‐ 6 months, SD (I1 > C, 12 months) Function: NSD
Cohen 1983 (Low quality)	LBP (n = 36)	I: Behavioural therapy C: Physiotherapy	NSD	Pain: SD (I > C) Function: NSD
Jensen 2001 (Moderate quality)	Spinal Pain (n = 214)	I1: Behaviour orientated physiotherapy I2: CBT I3: Combined treatment C: Waiting list	NSD ‐ attendance & adherence to lifestyle treatment plans (SD for males only)	QoL: SD (I2, I3 > C, 18 months)
Smeets 2006 (Moderate quality)	LBP (n = 227)	I1: Active physical treatment I2: CBT I3: Combined treatment C: Waiting list	NSD	Pain: SD (I1 > C, I2 > C, I3 > C) ‐ VAS. NSD‐ PRI‐T Function: SD (I1 > C, I2 > C, I3 > C)
Soderlund 2001 (Moderate quality)	WAD (n = 33)	I1: Regular primary care physiotherapy I2: Physiotherapy including CBT	SD (I2 > I1)	Pain: NSD
Veenhof 2006 (High quality)	Hip or Knee OA (n = 200)	I: Behavioural graded activity C: Physiotherapy usual care	SD (I > C) ‐ adherence to home exercises NSD ‐ SQUASH	Pain: NSD Function: NSD

* Comparisons are for all time points unless otherwise stated

Explanatory notes:

NSD ‐ No significant difference between groups
SD ‐ Significant difference between groups
I1 > I2 ‐ result in intervention group I1 better than intervention group I2
I > C ‐ result in intervention group I better than in control group C
I1+I2 > C ‐ combined results from intervention groups I1 and I2 better than control group C
I1vC ‐ intervention group I1 compared with control group C

List of abbreviations used in the tables

ASMP = Arthritis Self Management Programme, AIMS = Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales, ASE = Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale, C = control group, CBT = Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, EQ‐5D = EuroQol health‐related quality of life measure, FAST = Fitness Arthritis and Seniors Trial, GP = General Practitioner, HAQ = Health Assessment Questionnaire, Hr = hours, I = Intervention group, K‐WOMAC = Korean version of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index, LBP = low back pain, Max = maximum, Mins = minutes, OA = osteoarthritis, PDI = Pain Disability Index, QoL = quality of life, QOLS = Quality of Life Survey, RA = rheumatoid arthritis, RMDQ = Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire, SF‐12 = The Short Form 12 Health Survey, SF‐36 = Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short Form Scales, SF‐MPQ= Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, TENS = Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, VAS = Visual Analogue Scale, WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index.