Table 4
Construct Validity—VTQ-Pain Responses Against Constructs Derived From the Stages of Pain Model
Back Pain Intensity Pain Radiates to Below the Knee Pain Elsewhere Vitality Symptoms Insomnia Disability Catastrophizing Depression Anxiety BaRNS 7-year follow-up baseline data a) A single episode with no other major episodes of back pain .19
(−.03 to .41)0% 14% 3.57
(3.08–4.06)2.79
(1.06–4.51)46% .29
(−.19 to .76)1.13
(−.57 to 2.82)2.36
(.99–3.73)4.36
(2.79–5.95)b) A few episodes of back pain, with mostly pain-free periods in between 1.17
(.89–1.45)14% 64% 3.27
(3.07–3.46)3.94
(3.24–4.63)31% 2.16
(1.61–2.72).74
(.44–1.04)3.46
(2.6–4.32)5.46
(4.58–6.34)c) Some back pain most of the time, and a few episodes of severe pain 3.57
(3.01–4.13)40% 81% 2.68
(2.43–2.93)6.09
(4.85–7.34)57% 7.00
(5.46–8.54)1.58
(.96–2.2)6.00
(4.87–7.13)8.00
(6.81–9.19)d) Pain that goes up and down all the time, with episodes of severe back pain 5.62
(4.73–6.51)36% 89% 2.50
(2.14–2.86)8.04
(6.37–9.71)64% 11.32
(9.34–13.3)2.96
(2.19–3.73)6.71
(5.3–8.13)8.14
(6.88–9.41)e) Severe back pain all or nearly all of the time 6.57
(4.09–9.06)86% 86% 1.75
(1.16–2.34)8.14
(3.63–12.66)75% 14.63
(8.20–21.05)4.00
(2.21–5.79)7.75
(3.54–11.96)9.63
(4.51–14.74)f) Back pain that has got gradually worse 7.30
(5.40–9.20)64% 90% 1.73
(1.12–2.33)9.30
(3.23–15.37)92% 12.83
(8.16–17.51)4.56
(3.16–5.95)7.83
(5.38–10.28)10.17
(7.72–12.62)g) Back pain that has improved gradually 1.07
(.15–2.00)36% 71% 3.50
(2.83–4.17)3.43
(1.42–5.44)14% 2.57
(-.39–5.53)1.75
(.09–3.41)3.29
(1.24–5.33)3.86
(2.02–5.69)
Back Pain Intensity Pain Radiates to Below the Knee Pain Elsewhere Symptoms Sleep Problems Disability Catastrophizing Depression Anxiety BeBack 5-year follow-up baseline data a) A single episode with no other major episodes of back pain .12
(.03–.23)12% 27% 3.68
(2.68–4.74)19% .33
(.07–.59)0% 3.15
(2.27–4.06)5.50
(4.06–6.94)b) A few episodes of back pain, with mostly pain-free periods in between 1.33
(1.07–1.58)22% 56% 5.69
(4.86–6.54)36% 2.83
(2.23–3.42)1% 3.94
(3.44–4.47)6.71
(6.05–7.36)c) Some back pain most of the time, and a few episodes of severe pain 3.37
(3.00–3.72)29% 81% 9.00
(7.64–10.43)55% 6.01
(4.99–7.03)17% 4.92
(4.23–5.55)7.75
(6.85–8.64)d) Pain that goes up and down all the time, with episodes of severe back pain 4.86
(4.36–5.38)48% 80% 10.22
(8.81–11.70)80% 11.33
(9.96–12.70)36% 7.06
(6.15–8.09)8.56
(7.52–9.60)e) Severe back pain all or nearly all of the time 7.64
(6.84–8.40)73% 80% 12.83
(7.34–18.33)79% 16.27
(14.84–17.69)73% 8.00
(5.86–10.07)10.62
(7.81–13.42)f) Back pain that has got gradually worse 6.10
(5.08–7.00)41% 82% 8.90
(6.10–11.70)59% 10.94
(7.38–14.50)47% 7.18
(5.12–9.53)9.24
(7.09–11.38)g) Back pain that has improved gradually 1.17
(.61–1.80)25% 50% 5.50
(1.50–9.50)17% 2.75
(.53–4.97)0% 2.50
(1.33–3.67)5.08
(3.28–6.89)NOTE. Data are mean with 95% confidence interval or proportion. For all variables, increasing values indicate increasing severity, except for vitality, for which the opposite is true.