	Chiropractic use		OT/PT use		Chiropractic or OT/PT use
Characteristic	% (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	% (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	% (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Survey year
2002	16.5 (15.6–17.3)	Ref	14.4 (13.5–15.3)	Ref	27.3 (26.2–28.4)	Ref
2003	16.0 (15.1–16.9)	0.96 (0.88–1.06)	15.3 (14.4–16.2)	1.07 (0.97–1.18)	27.5 (26.4–28.6)	1.01 (0.94–1.09)
2004	17.0 (16.1–17.9)	1.04 (0.95–1.14)	15.4 (14.6–16.3)	1.08 (0.98–1.20)	28.7 (27.6–29.7)	1.07 (0.99–1.15)
2005	16.9 (16.0–17.8)	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	15.6 (14.8–16.5)	1.10 (1.00–1.21)	28.5 (27.4–29.5)	1.06 (0.98–1.14)
2006	16.2 (15.1–17.3)	0.98 (0.89–1.09)	15.9 (14.9–16.8)	1.12 (1.01–1.24)	28.3 (27.1–29.6)	1.05 (0.97–1.14)
2007	17.1 (15.9–18.2)	1.05 (0.94–1.16)	15.2 (14.2–16.2)	1.07 (0.96–1.18)	28.8 (27.5–30.1)	1.08 (0.99–1.17)
2008	17.6 (16.5–18.7)	1.09 (0.98–1.20)	15.8 (14.7–16.9)	1.11 (0.99–1.24)	29.6 (28.2–31.0)	1.12 (1.03–1.22)
2009	16.9 (15.9–18.0)	1.03 (0.94–1.14)	15.5 (14.5–16.5)	1.09 (0.98–1.21)	28.6 (27.3–29.8)	1.06 (0.98–1.15)
2010	15.8 (14.9–16.7)	0.95 (0.87–1.05)	16.2 (15.3–17.1)	1.15 (1.04–1.27)	28.2 (27.1–29.2)	1.04 (0.97–1.13)
2011	16.6 (15.8–17.4)	1.01 (0.93–1.10)	15.9 (15.1–16.7)	1.12 (1.02–1.23)	28.7 (27.6–29.8)	1.07 (0.99–1.16)
2012	16.2 (15.4–17.0)	0.98 (0.90–1.07)	15.0 (14.1–15.8)	1.04 (0.95–1.15)	27.6 (26.6–28.7)	1.02 (0.94–1.10)
2013	16.3 (15.5–17.1)	0.99 (0.91–1.08)	16.7 (15.8–17.6)	1.19 (1.08–1.31)	29.2 (28.1–30.3)	1.10 (1.02–1.18)
2014	16.3 (15.4–17.2)	0.99 (0.90–1.09)	17.4 (16.4–18.4)	1.25 (1.13–1.38)	29.1 (28.0–30.3)	1.09 (1.01–1.18)
2015	16.3 (15.4–17.3)	0.99 (0.90–1.09)	17.5 (16.5–18.4)	1.26 (1.14–1.38)	29.4 (28.3–30.5)	1.11 (1.03–1.20)
2016	17.4 (16.5–18.2)	1.07 (0.98–1.16)	18.4 (17.5–19.4)	1.34 (1.22–1.48)	31.0 (29.9–32.1)	1.20 (1.11–1.29)
2017	17.3 (16.3–18.3)	1.06 (0.97–1.17)	18.8 (17.8–19.8)	1.37 (1.24–1.51)	31.5 (30.3–32.7)	1.23 (1.13–1.32)
2018	17.9 (16.9–19.0)	1.11 (1.01–1.22)	19.4 (18.4–20.4)	1.43 (1.30–1.57)	32.6 (31.4–33.8)	1.29 (1.19–1.39)
Age groups
18–24	15.1 (14.2–16.0)	0.72 (0.67–0.78)	9.2 (8.5–9.9)	0.67 (0.61–0.73)	21.4 (20.4–22.4)	0.67 (0.63–0.71)
25–34	18.4 (17.8–19.1)	0.92 (0.87–0.97)	10.6 (10.1–11.1)	0.78 (0.73–0.83)	25.1 (24.4–25.9)	0.82 (0.78–0.87)
35–44	19.8 (19.1–20.4)	Ref	13.2 (12.7–13.7)	Ref	28.9 (28.2–29.6)	Ref
45–54	18.0 (17.5–18.5)	0.89 (0.85–0.94)	16.3 (15.8–16.8)	1.28 (1.21–1.36)	30.1 (29.5–30.7)	1.06 (1.01–1.11)
55–64	16.4 (15.8–16.9)	0.79 (0.75–0.84)	19.1 (18.6–19.7)	1.56 (1.47–1.65)	31.0 (30.3–31.6)	1.10 (1.05–1.15)
65–74	15.3 (14.7–15.9)	0.73 (0.69–0.77)	21.8 (21.1–22.5)	1.83 (1.72–1.95)	32.5 (31.7–33.2)	1.18 (1.12–1.24)
75 +	11.3 (10.7–12.0)	0.52 (0.48–0.56)	23.4 (22.7–24.2)	2.01 (1.90–2.14)	31.4 (30.5–32.3)	1.12 (1.07–1.18)
Sex
Male	16.9 (16.6–17.3)	Ref	15.0 (14.6–15.3)	Ref	28.1 (27.6–28.5)	Ref
Female	16.6 (16.2–16.9)	0.98 (0.94–1.01)	17.6 (17.2–17.9)	1.21 (1.17–1.25)	30.0 (29.5–30.4)	1.10 (1.07–1.13)
Race
White	17.9 (17.6–18.2)	Ref	16.6 (16.3–16.9)	Ref	30.4 (30.1–30.8)	Ref
Black	9.9 (9.4–10.4)	0.50 (0.47–0.53)	16.4 (15.8–16.9)	0.98 (0.94–1.03)	22.4 (21.7–23.1)	0.66 (0.63–0.69)
American Indian/Native Alaskan	13.7 (11.9–15.5)	0.73 (0.63–0.85)	15.2 (13.3–17.1)	0.90 (0.77–1.04)	25.4 (23.3–27.6)	0.78 (0.70–0.87)
Asian/Pacific Islander	13.2 (12.0–14.3)	0.70 (0.63–0.77)	13.1 (12.0–14.2)	0.76 (0.69–0.84)	23.1 (21.7–24.5)	0.69 (0.64–0.74)
Other	14.6 (12.1–17.1)	0.78 (0.64–0.96)	17.1 (14.2–19.9)	1.03 (0.85–1.26)	26.6 (23.4–29.7)	0.83 (0.70–0.97)
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic	17.2 (16.9–17.5)	Ref	17.0 (16.7–17.3)	Ref	30.1 (29.8–30.5)	Ref
Hispanic	12.6 (12.0–13.1)	0.69 (0.65–0.73)	12.1 (11.6–12.6)	0.67 (0.64–0.71)	21.1 (20.4–21.8)	0.62 (0.59–0.65)
Educational level
No degree	10.4 (10.0–10.9)	0.66 (0.62–0.70)	13.3 (12.8–13.8)	0.86 (0.82–0.91)	21.0 (20.3–21.6)	0.73 (0.70–0.76)
GED or high school diploma	15.0 (14.5–15.4)	Ref	15.1 (14.6–15.5)	Ref	26.7 (26.2–27.2)	Ref
Some college	18.3 (17.8–18.7)	1.27 (1.22–1.33)	17.3 (16.9–17.7)	1.18 (1.13–1.23)	31.2 (30.7–31.7)	1.24 (1.20–1.29)
College degree or higher	21.4 (20.8–21.9)	1.54 (1.48–1.61)	19.3 (18.8–19.9)	1.35 (1.29–1.41)	35.4 (34.8–36.0)	1.50 (1.45–1.56)
Income
Below poverty threshold	10.5 (10.0–10.9)	0.52 (0.49–0.54)	15.4 (14.9–15.9)	0.93 (0.89–0.98)	22.7 (22.1–23.3)	0.66 (0.64–0.69)
1–2 times above threshold	12.8 (12.3–13.3)	0.65 (0.62–0.68)	15.5 (15.0–15.9)	0.94 (0.90–0.98)	25.0 (24.4–25.6)	0.75 (0.72–0.78)
> 2 to 5 times above threshold	18.5 (18.1–18.9)	Ref	16.3 (16.0–16.7)	Ref	30.7 (30.2–31.2)	Ref
> 5 times above threshold	22.7 (22.1–23.3)	1.29 (1.25–1.34)	18.6 (18.1–19.2)	1.17 (1.12–1.23)	36.0 (35.4–36.6)	1.27 (1.23–1.31)
Census region
South	12.8 (12.4–13.2)	Ref	14.6 (14.2–15.1)	Ref	24.4 (23.9–25.0)	Ref
Northeast	17.0 (16.4–17.6)	1.39 (1.31–1.47)	18.3 (17.7–18.9)	1.31 (1.24–1.38)	30.8 (30.1–31.5)	1.38 (1.32–1.44)
West	18.8 (18.3–19.3)	1.57 (1.50–1.65)	17.1 (16.6–17.7)	1.21 (1.15–1.27)	31.2 (30.6–31.8)	1.40 (1.35–1.46)
Midwest	20.3 (19.6–21.1)	1.73 (1.64–1.84)	17.2 (16.8–17.7)	1.21 (1.16–1.27)	33.1 (32.3–33.9)	1.53 (1.46–1.60)
Citizenship
U.S. Citizen	17.0 (16.8–17.3)	Ref	16.9 (16.6–17.1)	Ref	29.8 (29.5–30.2)	Ref
Non-Citizen	10.7 (9.9–11.4)	0.58 (0.54–0.63)	8.8 (8.1–9.5)	0.48 (0.44–0.52)	16.3 (15.4–17.3)	0.46 (0.43–0.49)
Nativity
US native	17.3 (17.0–17.6)	Ref	16.9 (16.6–17.1)	Ref	30.1 (29.7–30.4)	Ref
Born outside of US	12.9 (12.4–13.4)	0.71 (0.68–0.75)	13.8 (13.2–14.4)	0.79 (0.75–0.83)	22.6 (21.9–23.3)	0.68 (0.65–0.71)
Insurance coverage
No insurance	12.1 (11.5–12.6)	0.49 (0.46–0.52)	6.8 (6.4–7.2)	0.43 (0.40–0.46)	16.8 (16.2–17.5)	0.43 (0.41–0.45)
Public insurance only	11.5 (11.1–11.8)	0.46 (0.44–0.48)	20.0 (19.6–20.5)	1.47 (1.42–1.53)	27.7 (27.2–28.3)	0.82 (0.79–0.84)
Private insurance only	22.0 (21.6–22.4)	Ref	14.5 (14.2–14.9)	Ref	31.9 (31.5–32.4)	Ref
Public and private insurance	15.4 (14.7–16.0)	0.64 (0.61–0.68)	24.8 (24.0–25.5)	1.94 (1.85–2.03)	35.4 (34.5–36.2)	1.17 (1.12–1.21)

OR, odds ratio. All ORs are unadjusted. Ref, reference group. When reporting ORs, the reference group is 1.00

Table 2.