Dietary Fiber Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses

Table 1

High vs Low Dietary Fiber Intake on the Incidence of Developing Type 2 Diabetes

Meta-analysis Authors and Date	No. of Studies in Meta-analysis	No. of Participants in Meta-analysis	Total Dietary Fiber Relative Rate; P Value; Q-Test P Value; I² Statistic; Publication Bias P Value	Cereal Fiber Relative Rate; P Value; Q-Test P Value; I² Statistic; Publication Bias P Value	Fruit Fiber Relative Rate; P Value; Q-Test P Value; I² Statistic; Publication Bias P Value	Vegetable Fiber Relative Rate; P Value; Q-Test P Value; I² Statistic; Publication Bias P Value
Schulze et al, 2007¹⁸	9	432 730		0.67, P < .05 0.04, NR NR	0.96, NS NS, NR NR	1.04, NS NS, NR NR

Ye et al, 2012¹⁹	10	350 241	0.84, P < .05 0.04, 44% NS	0.87, P < .05 0.001, 74% NS

Yao et al, 2014¹⁷	11	359 167	0.81, P < .05 0.014, 54% NS	0.77, P < .05 0.011, 56% 0.004	0.94, NS NS, 29% NS	0.95, NS 0.008, 60% NS

InterAct Consortium, 2015²¹	14	414 711	0.85, P < .05 0.002, 61% NS	0.77, P < .05 0.001, 78% 0.004	0.95, NS NS, 17% 0.04	0.96, NS 0.04, 48% 0.000

Wang et al, 2015²²	11	448 287			1.00, NS NS, 1.5% NS	0.94, NS 0.005, 53% NS

NR, not reported; NS, not significant.