Dietary Fiber Is Beneficial for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses

Table 2

Effect of High vs Low Fiber Intake on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

Meta-analysis Authors, Year	No. of Studies in Meta-analysis	No. of Participants in Meta-analysis	Main Findings of Meta-analysis	Q Test P Value	I² Statistic	Egger or Begg Test P Value	Quality Assessment and Outcome
Pereira et al, 2004²⁴^,^a	10	336 244	RR = 0.81,^bP < .001	NS	NR

Wu et al, 2014²⁵	15	496 858	RR = 0.83, P < .001	NS	0%	NS	NOS 12/15 high quality

Liu et al, 2015²⁶	16	340 830	HR = 0.77, P < .05	NS	25%	NS

Kim and Je, 2016²⁷	7	627 651	RR = 0.77, P < .05	NS	13%	NS	3/7 high quality

Hajishafiee et al, 2016²⁸	10	842 172	RR = 0.82, P < .05	NS	0%	NS	NOS 8/10 high quality

HR, hazard ratio; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa scale; NR, not reported; NS, not significant; RR, relative risk.

^aLow-quality score on the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews.

^b10 g/d.