Table 3.
Other health benefits of plant anthocyanins.
| Health benefits of anthocyanins | References |
|---|---|
| Visual health | |
| Improved visual function in patients with normal tension glaucoma | [90] |
| Prevented impairment of photoreceptor cell function during retinal inflammation | [91] |
| Decreased lens opacity together with the decreased MDA level | [92] |
| Suppressed cell death of HLE-B3 (lens epithelial cell line) under H2O2-induced oxidative stress | [93] |
| Prevented retinal degeneration induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea | [94] |
| Increased ocular blood flows but no significant changes on intraocular pressure | [95] |
| Anti-obesity | |
| Improved weight gain and lipid profile on obese rats. | [96] |
| Suppressed body weight gain and improved blood lipid profile in high-fat diet induced rats | [97] |
| Ameliorated obesity in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice | [98] |
| Up-regulate adipocytokine secretion and gene expression in isolated rat adipocytes | [99] |
| Suppressed weight gain, fat tissue gain and other metabolic disorders | [100] |
| Antimicrobial | |
| Possessed antimicrobial activity through damaging and destroying the cell wall, membrane and intercellular matrix | [101] |
| Showed antibacterial activity with the highest sensitivity to Aeromonas hydrophilia and Listeria innocua | [102] |
| Possessed antibacterial effects towards Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli | [103] |
| Inhibited gram-negative bacteria but not on gram-positive bacteria | [104] |