Table 1
Overview of the included studies for quality assessment
| Author and year | Study design and setting | Age of cohort at baseline | Purpose of study | Number of follow-ups | Time between follow-ups | Sample size | Methods for data collection | Outcome measures of LBP | Identified terminology for patterns of LBP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aartun, 2014 | School-based prospective cohort study | 11–13 years | Course of LBP | 1 | 2 years | Baseline: 1291 Follow-up: 1064 (82%) | Electronic questionnaire | 1) Point prevalence 2) 1-week prevalence 3) Lifetime prevalence | 1) Never LBP 2) Development of LBP 3) Changes in frequency of LBP |
| Burton, 1996 | School-based prospective cohort study | 11 years | Natural history of LBP | 4 | 1 year | Baseline: 216 Follow-up (T5): 147 (68%) | Questionnaire; interviews first 2 years, then self-administered | 1) Lifetime prevalence | 1) Single, discrete spell of LBP 2) Recurrent LBP |
| Coenen, 2017 | Follow-up in a birth cohort | 17 years | Trajectories of LBP | 2 | 3 and 2 years | Baseline: 1050 Follow-up (T2): 1033 (98%) (not same responders T1–3) | Self-administered questionnaire | 1) 1 month prevalence | 1) Consistenly low probability of LBP 2) Increase in prevalence of LBP 3) Decrease in the prevalence of LBP 4) Consistently high prevalence of LBP |
| Grimmer, 2006 | School-based prospective cohort study | 13 years | Tracking of LBP | 4 | Yearly samples | Baseline: 434 Follow-up (T5): 174 (40%) | Self-administered questionnaire | 1) 1-week prevalence | 1) Recent LBP 2) Variability of LBP 1) Repeated reporting 2) Regular LBP 3) Consistency of occurrence of LBP |
| Kjaer, 2011 | School-based prospective cohort study | 9 years | Tracking of LBP | 3 | 4 years | Baseline: 479 Follow-up: 443 (92%) (not same responders T1–4) | Questionnaire by interviews | 1) Point prevalence 2) 1-week prevalence 3) 1 month prevalence | 1) No LBP 2) Still LBP 3) Changes in reports of LBP |
| Mikkelsson, 1997 | School-based prospective cohort study | 9 years | Persistence of LBP | 1 | 1 year | Baseline: 1756 Follow-up:1628 (92%) | Self-administered questionnaire | 1) 3 months prevalence | 1) Seldom or never LBP 2) Persistence of LBP |
| Sjolie, 2004 | School-based prospective cohort study | 14 years | Persistence and change in LBP | 1 | 3 years | Baseline: 88Follow-up: 85 (97%) | Self-administered questionnaire | 1) 1-year prevalence | 1) No LBP 2) Still LBP 3) Persistent, but changeable LBP |
| Szpalski, 2002 | School-based prospective cohort study | 9 years | Prediction of LBP | 1 | 2 years | Baseline: 287 Follow-up: 287 (100%) | Self-administered questionnaire | 1) Lifetime prevalence | 1) No LBP 2) Identical LBP 3) Ongoing LBP |