|
Variable
|
n
|
Mean (SD)/%
|
|
Demographic
|
|
Age (mean)a
|
294
|
43.3 (12.4)
|
|
Sex, female (%)a
|
299
|
63.5
|
|
LBP characteristics
|
|
No leg pain (%)
|
593
|
39.3
|
|
Thigh pain (%)
|
593
|
22.3
|
|
Thigh and lower leg pain (%)
|
593
|
21.9
|
|
Lower leg pain (%)
|
>593
|
4.6
|
|
Co‐
occurring pain in the neck or thoracic
spine (%)
|
518
|
66.0
|
|
Visit to chiropractor for same problem previously, no (%)
|
593
|
53.7
|
|
Exposure. Patient's expectation at the 1st visit
|
|
Expectation pain will get better, 0–10 (mean)
|
579
|
7.9 (2.1)
|
|
Proportion of patients with a high expectation in that their
pain will get better, dichotomized (%)
|
593
|
80.1
|
|
Effect modifiers
|
|
Pain intensity at 1st visit, 0–10 (mean)
|
580
|
5.4 (2.1)
|
|
EQ5D score baseline, 0–1 (mean)
|
575
|
0.69 (0.2)
|
|
MPI, 0–6 (mean)
|
|
Pain severity
|
576
|
3.4 (1.2)
|
|
Interference
|
576
|
2.8 (1.3)
|
|
Life control
|
576
|
3.5 (1.1)
|
|
Affective distress
|
576
|
2.7 (1.3)
|
|
Support
|
574
|
3.9 (1.7)
|
|
Punishing responses
|
507
|
1.0 (1.2)
|
|
Solicitous responses
|
507
|
2.6 (1.4)
|
|
Distracting responses
|
506
|
2.8 (1.5)
|
|
MPI cluster assignment (%)
|
|
Adaptive copers (AC)
|
186
|
37.3
|
|
Interpersonally distressed (ID)
|
118
|
23.6
|
|
Dysfunctional (DYS)
|
195
|
39.1
|
|
Health in general (%)
|
|
Excellent
|
35
|
5.9
|
|
Very good
|
189
|
31.9
|
|
Good
|
237
|
40.0
|
|
Somewhat
|
96
|
16.2
|
|
Poor
|
20
|
3.4
|
|
Activity level at work (%)
|
|
Heavy
|
37
|
9.4
|
|
Intermittent heavy/light
|
103
|
26.3
|
|
Walking/standing
|
102
|
26.0
|
|
Sitting
|
150
|
38.3
|
|
Outcome. Subjective improvement at the 4th visit
|
|
Pain intensity at 4th visit, 0–10 (mean)
|
590
|
3.0 (2.1)
|
|
Perceived improvement at 4th visit (%)
|
|
Definitely worse
|
3
|
0.5
|
|
Probably worse
|
8
|
1.4
|
|
Unchanged
|
37
|
6.3
|
|
Probably better
|
132
|
22.4
|
|
Definitely better
|
409
|
69.4
|