Fig. 1

Estimated LBP trajectory 3 weeks before and after visits to a chiropractor, all study participants(n = 254), MC, Maintenance Care; LBP, Low Back Pain; CI, Confidence interval; the final GEE model was fitted with an unstructured correlation structure and included the variables: ‘Treatment group’, ‘Time (study period)’, ‘Time (study period)* Time (study period)’, ‘Time (treatment period)’ and ‘Time (treatment period)* Treatment group’