Presence of red flags | 100.0% | ↑ | 100.0% | ↑ |
65.3% | ↓ | 35.0% | ↓ |
|
Prior unfavorable experience with spinal manual therapy | 86.3% | ↑ | 86.3% | ↑ |
51.6% | ↓ |
61.0% | ↓ |
|
Major neurologic findings | 18.7% | ↑ | 86.3% | ↑ | 41.5% | ↓ | 27.1% | ↓ |
|
Previous non-manual conservative care failed | 13.0% | ↓ | 24.5% | ↓ | --- | | --- | |
|
Additional (e.g., advanced imaging) testing show cervical disc herniation, stenosis, or foraminal osteophytosis | 6.5% | ↑ | 2.9%*** | ↓ | 100.0% | ↓ |
100.0% | ↓ |
|
Clinically substantial traumatic etiology | --- | | 21.9% | ↑ | 30.7% | ↓ | 23.5% | ↓ |
|
No signs of painful/limited active range of motion | --- | | 4.7% | ↑ | --- | | --- | |
|
Radiographs showing advanced spinal degeneration | --- | | --- | | 26.0% | ↓ | 65.3% | ↓ |
|
No cervical nerve root radiculopathy | --- | | --- | | 7.6% | ↓ | --- | |
|
Joint dysfunction in upper cervical spine | --- | | --- | | --- | | 14.8% | ↓ |
|
No local pathology | --- | | --- | | --- | | 11.9% | ↑ |
|
Continued psychosocial stress | --- | | --- | | --- | | --- | |