From: Results

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
AC = attention control; CI = confidence interval; HFAQ = Hannover Functional Ability Questionnaire; MI = minimal intervention; MRDQ = Modified Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; N = number; NE = no exercise; ODI = Oswestry Disability Index; PDI = Pain Disability Index; SA=sham acupuncture; SD = standard deviation; SMD = standardized mean difference; SNA =standard needle acupuncture; UC = usual care; WL = waitlist
From: Results
NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.