Figure 24 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for six short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.21 (95% confidence interval −0.54 to 0.01) and an overall I-squared value of 31.9%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for six intermediate-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean differences of −1.04 (95% confidence interval −2.82 to 0.71) and an overall I-squared value of 95.9%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for three long-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −1.82 (95% confidence interval −5.90 to 2.24) and an overall I-squared value of 98.3%.

Figure 24Multidisciplinary rehabilitation versus exercise for chronic low back pain: effects on function

= confidence interval; DPQDA = Dallas Pain Questionnaire daily activities; indvl = individual; = low back pain rating scale; N = number; = Oswestry Disability Index; QDS = Quebec Disability Scale; = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; = standard deviation; = Sickness Impact Profile; = standardized mean difference

a Multidisciplinary rehabilitation intensity: 1= high, 2= not high, 3= unclear or not reported

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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