Figure 33 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for eight short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.29 (95% confidence interval −0.46 to −0.11) and an overall I-squared value of 9.9%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for 12 intermediate-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.98 (95% confidence interval −1.86 to −0.13) and an overall I-squared value of 96.5%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for four long-term studies, with a standardized mean difference of −0.22 (95% confidence interval −0.34 to −0.08) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 33Exercise versus usual care, no treatment, sham, or an attention control for osteoarthritis knee pain: effects on function

= attention control; APC = Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale () physical activity component; = confidence interval; COM = combination exercise therapy; KADL = Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscore; = Lequesne Index; = Late Life Function and Disability Index Basic Lower Limb Function Score; ME = mobility exercise; MP = muscle performance exercise; = neuromuscular reeducation exercise; = no treatment; = Oxford Knee Score; = standard deviation; = standardized mean difference; = usual care; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster’s Universities Osteoarthritis Index

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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