Figure 34 is a forest plot. Mean differences were reported or calculated for eight short-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.47 (95% confidence interval −0.86 to −0.10) and an overall I-squared value of 41.7%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for 11 intermediate-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −1.34 (95% confidence interval −2.12 to −0.54) and an overall I-squared value of 89.6%. Mean differences were reported or calculated for four long-term studies, with a pooled mean difference of −0.30 (95% confidence interval −0.49 to −0.00) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 34Exercise versus usual care, no treatment, sham, or an attention control for osteoarthritis knee pain: effects on pain

= attention control; = confidence interval; COM = combination exercise therapy; ME = mobility exercise; MP = muscle performance exercise; = neuromuscular re-education exercise; = no treatment; = standard deviation; = standardized mean difference; = usual care

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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