Figure 40 is a forest plot. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for five short-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.17 (95% confidence interval −0.71 to 0.38) and an overall I-squared value of 86.5%. Standardized mean differences were reported or calculated for four intermediate-term studies, with a pooled standardized mean difference of −0.15 (95% confidence interval −0.31 to 0.02) and an overall I-squared value of 0%.

Figure 40Acupuncture versus usual care, waitlist, or sham intervention in osteoarthritis knee pain effects on function

EA = electroacupuncture; LA = laser acupuncture; = not reported; = sham acupuncture; SNA = standard needle acupuncture; = standard deviation; = standardized mean difference; NR = not reported; = usual care; = waitlist; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster’s Universities Osteoarthritis Index

From: Results

Cover of Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update
Noninvasive Nonpharmacological Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 227.
Skelly AC, Chou R, Dettori JR, et al.
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