| Author, Year, Followup,a Pain Duration, Study Quality | Intervention | Population | Function and Pain Outcomes | Other Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cash 2015,200 Sephton, 2007202,b 2 months Duration of pain NR Poor | A. Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (n=51): 8-week group-based program with one 2.5 hour session/week including instruction in techniques, meditation, and simple yoga positions to encourage relaxation. Participants were asked to complete daily practices with workbook and audiotapes for 45 min a day for 6 days a week. B. Waitlist (n=39) | A vs. B Age: 48 vs. 48 years Female: 100% vs. 100% Caucasian: 94% vs. 93% Baseline FIQ Physical Functioning (0-10): 1.3 vs. 1.2 Baseline pain VAS (0-100): 68.1 vs. 69.2 | A vs. B 2 months: FIQ Physical Functioning: 1.2 vs. 1.2; difference 0.0 (95% CI −0.32 to 0.32) Pain VAS: 65.2 vs. 65.1; difference 0.1 (95% CI −9.96 to 10.16) FIQ Severityc: 62.0 vs. 66.7; difference −4.7 (95% CI −12.24 to 2.84) | A vs. B 2 months BDI Totalb: 13.3 vs. 14.8; difference −1.5 (95% CI −4.76 to 1.76) BDI Cognitive Subscaleb: 5.3 vs. 6.4; difference −1.1 (95% CI −2.98 to 0.78) BDI Somatic Subscaleb: 7.4 vs. 7.7; difference −0.3 (95% CI −1.73 to 1.13) PSS: 20.2 vs. 20.8; difference −0.60 (95% CI −3.37 to 2.17) SDQ: 8.4 vs. 9.5; difference −1.10 (95% CI −2.58 to 0.38) |
Schmidt, 2011201 2 months Duration of fibromyalgia, years: 14 years Fair | A. Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (n=53): 8-week group-based program; 1, 2.5 hour session/week and one 7 hour all-day session covering training in specific exercises and topics of mindfulness practices. Participants were asked to complete daily practices of 45-60 minutes each B. Active-control Intervention (n=56) Controlled for nonspecific aspects of the MBSR program with similar meeting structure and format to MBSR treatment arm. Equivalent levels of social support and weekly topical education was provided along with Jacobson Progressive Muscle Relaxation training and fibromyalgia-specific gentle stretching exercises. Participants were asked to complete daily homework assignments with the same duration as MBSR group. C. Waitlist (n=59) | A vs. B vs. C Age: 53 vs. 52 years Female: 100% (all female study) Race: NR A vs. C Baseline FIQ Total (0-10): 5.8 vs. 5.7 Baseline PPS Affective (scale unclear): 35.5 vs. 34.8 Baseline PPS Sensory (scale unclear): 22.4 vs. 22.6 | A vs. B 2 months Proportion of patients with >14% improvement in FIQ scores (MCID): 30% vs. 25%; RR 1.21 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.82) FIQ: 5.23 vs. 5.33; difference −0.10 (95% CI −0.84 to 0.64) PPS Affective: 30.79 vs. 32.17; difference −1.38 (95% CI −4.79 to 2.03) PPS Sensory: 21.16 vs. 21.87; difference −0.71 (95% CI −2.77 to 1.34) A vs. C 2 months Proportion of patients with >14% improvement in FIQ scores (MCID): 30% vs. 22%; RR 1.37 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.94) FIQ: 5.23 vs. 5.29; difference −0.06 (95% CI −0.75 to 0.63) PPS Affective: 30.79 vs. 32.38; difference −1.59 (95% CI −5.01 to 1.83) PPS Sensory: 21.16 vs. 21.44; difference −0.28 (95% CI −2.30 to 1.74) | A vs. B 2 months Proportion of Patients who saw Clinically Relevant Improvement (score of <23) in CES-D scores: 28% vs. 23%; RR 0.53 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.12) CES-D: 21.70 vs. 22.55; difference −0.85 (95% CI −4.66 to 2.96) STAI Trait Subscale: 47.86 vs. 48.44; difference −0.58 (95% CI −4.42 to 3.26) Proportion of Patients with PSQI score <5 indicates good sleep): 17%vs. 7%; RR 2.38 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.34) PSQI: 10.01 vs. 10.25; difference −0.24 (95% CI −1.71 to 1.23) FMI: 37.66 vs. 35.14; difference 2.52 (95% CI 0.04 to 5.00) GCQ: 42.63 vs. 43.91; difference −1.28 (95% CI −6.51 to 3.95) PLC: 12.83 vs. 12.16; difference 0.67 (95% CI −0.60 to 1.94) A vs. C 2 months Proportion of Patients who saw Clinically Relevant Improvement (score of <23) in CES-D scores: 28% vs. 19%; RR 1.52 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.04) CES-D: 21.7 vs. 24.0; difference −2.3 (95% CI −5.96 to 1.36) STAI Trait Subscale: 47.9 vs. 49.2; difference −1.32 (95% CI −5.02 to 2.38 Proportion of Patients with PSQI score <5 indicates good sleep): 17% vs. 10%; RR 1.67 (95% CI 0.80 to 2.14) PSQI: 10.0 vs. 10.4; difference −0.36 (95% CI −1.8 to 1.1) FMI: 37.7 vs. 36.1; difference 1.5 (95% CI −0.9 to 3.91) GCQ: 42.6 vs. 45.3; difference −2.7 (95% CI −7.8 to 2.5) PLC: 12.8 vs. 12.3; difference 0.5 (95% CI −0.7 to 1.7) |
Van Gordon, 2017203 6 months Duration of pain: NR Fair [New trial] | A. Meditation Awareness Training (MAT) (n=74): MAT is a second-generation mindfulness-based intervention (SG-MBI); 1, 2-hour session per week for 8 weeks in addition to receiving a CD of guided meditations to facilitate daily self-practice B. “Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Groups" (CBTG) (attention control) (n=74): designed to be educational only and an attention control condition. | A vs. B Age (mean): 46 vs. 47 years Female: 82% vs. 84% Baseline FIQ-R (0-100): 55.2 vs. 54.0 | A vs. B 6 months FIQ-R: 45.7 vs. 52.4, adjusted difference −7.9 (95% CI −8.2 to −4.3), p<0.001 | A vs. B 6 months PSQI (0-21): 11.4 vs. 13.6, adjusted difference −2.3 (95% CI −2.9 to −1.6), p<0.001 SF-MPQ (0-45): 23.8 vs. 26.4, adjusted difference v3.0 (95% CI −4.1 to −1.9), p<0.001 DASS (0-100): 20.7 vs. 25.2, adjusted difference −4.9 (95% CI −6.3 to −3.4), p<0.001 NAS (0-42): 22.8 (5.4) vs. 19.1, adjusted difference 3.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 4.6), p<0.001 |
BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CI = confidence interval; DASS = Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; FSI= Fatigue Symptom Inventory; FIQ = Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; FMI = Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory; FSI = Fatigue Symptom Inventory; GCQ = Giessen Complaint Questionnaire; MCID = minimal clinically important difference; PLC = Profile for the Chronically Ill; PPS = Pain Perception Scale; PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSS = Perceived Stress Scale; RR = risk ratio; SF-MPQ = Short-Form McGill Pain Questionaire; SDQ = Stanford Sleep Disorders Questionnaire; STAI = State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory; VAS = visual analog scale
Unless otherwise noted, followup time is calculated from the end of the treatment period
Sephton is the same population as Cash 2015 but the focus of the study was on depression (Beck Depression Inventory).
FIQ symptom severity is comprised of visual analog ratings of pain, fatigue, morning sleepiness, stiffness, anxiety, and depression
From: Results
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