The nosological classification of whiplash-associated disorder: a narrative review

Table 3

Studies suggesting facet injury is a cause of WAD

First Author	Year Published	Treatment Administered	Study Design	Summary of Findings	Level of Evidence
Lord	1994	Anesthetic block	Double-blinded RCT	Complete HA relief in 13/55 patients Neck pain relief in 14/55 patients	A2
Barnsley	1995	Anesthetic block	Double-blinded RCT	Neck pain relief in 27/50 patients	A2
Lord	1996	Radiofrequency neurotomy	Double-blinded RCT	50% pain relief for mean of 263 in treatment group vs 8 days in control group	A2
Lord	1996	Anesthetic block	Placebo-controlled RCT	Neck pain relief in 31/52 patients	A2
McDonald	1999	Radiofrequency neurotomy	Cohort	Pain relief in 20/28 patients	C
Govind	2003	Radiofrequency neurotomy	Cohort	Complete pain relief at 90 days F/U in 43/48 patients	C
Barnsley	2005	Radiofrequency neurotomy	Cohort	Adequate pain relief in 36/45 patients for mean of 36 weeks	C
Smith	2014	Radiofrequency neurotomy	Cohort	Pain, disability, psychological distress & pain catastrophising ↓ at 1, 3 mo.	C